Mating competitiveness of sterile genetic sexing strain males (GAMA) under laboratory and semi-field conditions: Steps towards the use of the Sterile Insect Technique to control the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in South Africa
Identifieur interne : 000025 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000024; suivant : 000026Mating competitiveness of sterile genetic sexing strain males (GAMA) under laboratory and semi-field conditions: Steps towards the use of the Sterile Insect Technique to control the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in South Africa
Auteurs : Givemore Munhenga [Afrique du Sud] ; Basil D. Brooke [Afrique du Sud] ; Jeremie R. L. Gilles [Autriche] ; Kobus Slabbert [Afrique du Sud] ; Alan Kemp ; Leonard C. Dandalo [Afrique du Sud] ; Oliver R. Wood [Afrique du Sud] ; Leanne N. Lobb [Afrique du Sud] ; Danny Govender [Afrique du Sud] ; Marius Renke [Afrique du Sud] ; Lizette L. Koekemoer [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- Parasites & Vectors [ 1756-3305 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The optimal irradiation dose inducing male sterility without compromising mating vigour was tested using Cobalt 60 irradiation doses ranging from 70-100 Gy. Relative mating competitiveness of sterile laboratory-reared males (GAMA strain) compared to fertile wild-type males (AMAL strain) for virgin wild-type females (AMAL) was investigated under laboratory and semi-field conditions using large outdoor cages. Three different sterile male to fertile male to wild-type female ratios were evaluated [1:1:1, 5:1:1 and 10:1:1 (sterile males: fertile, wild-type males: fertile, wild-type females)].
Irradiation at the doses tested did not affect adult emergence but had a moderate effect on adult survivorship and mating vigour. A dose of 75 Gy was selected for the competitiveness assays. Mating competitiveness experiments showed that irradiated GAMA male mosquitoes are a third as competitive as their fertile AMAL counterparts under semi-field conditions. However, they were not as competitive under laboratory conditions. An inundative ratio of 10:1 induced the highest sterility in the representative wild-type population, with potential to effectively suppress reproduction.
Laboratory-reared and sterilised GAMA male
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1385-9
PubMed: 26934869
PubMed Central: 4774148
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Autriche
- Gauteng, Vienne (Autriche)
- Johannesbourg, Vienne (Autriche)
- Université du Witwatersrand
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Mating competitiveness of sterile genetic sexing strain males (GAMA) under laboratory and semi-field conditions: Steps towards the use of the Sterile Insect Technique to control the major malaria vector <italic>Anopheles arabiensis</italic> in South Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Munhenga, Givemore" sort="Munhenga, Givemore" uniqKey="Munhenga G" first="Givemore" last="Munhenga">Givemore Munhenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brooke, Basil D" sort="Brooke, Basil D" uniqKey="Brooke B" first="Basil D." last="Brooke">Basil D. Brooke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilles, Jeremie R L" sort="Gilles, Jeremie R L" uniqKey="Gilles J" first="Jeremie R. L." last="Gilles">Jeremie R. L. Gilles</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slabbert, Kobus" sort="Slabbert, Kobus" uniqKey="Slabbert K" first="Kobus" last="Slabbert">Kobus Slabbert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">iThemba LABS (Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences), Somerset West, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>iThemba LABS (Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences), Somerset West</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Somerset West</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kemp, Alan" sort="Kemp, Alan" uniqKey="Kemp A" first="Alan" last="Kemp">Alan Kemp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Special Pathogens Unit, Center for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg South Africa</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Johannesburg South Africa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dandalo, Leonard C" sort="Dandalo, Leonard C" uniqKey="Dandalo L" first="Leonard C." last="Dandalo">Leonard C. Dandalo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Oliver R" sort="Wood, Oliver R" uniqKey="Wood O" first="Oliver R." last="Wood">Oliver R. Wood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobb, Leanne N" sort="Lobb, Leanne N" uniqKey="Lobb L" first="Leanne N." last="Lobb">Leanne N. Lobb</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govender, Danny" sort="Govender, Danny" uniqKey="Govender D" first="Danny" last="Govender">Danny Govender</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Skukuza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Onderstepoort</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renke, Marius" sort="Renke, Marius" uniqKey="Renke M" first="Marius" last="Renke">Marius Renke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Conservation Management, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Conservation Management, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Skukuza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koekemoer, Lizette L" sort="Koekemoer, Lizette L" uniqKey="Koekemoer L" first="Lizette L." last="Koekemoer">Lizette L. 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Brooke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilles, Jeremie R L" sort="Gilles, Jeremie R L" uniqKey="Gilles J" first="Jeremie R. L." last="Gilles">Jeremie R. L. Gilles</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slabbert, Kobus" sort="Slabbert, Kobus" uniqKey="Slabbert K" first="Kobus" last="Slabbert">Kobus Slabbert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">iThemba LABS (Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences), Somerset West, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>iThemba LABS (Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences), Somerset West</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Somerset West</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kemp, Alan" sort="Kemp, Alan" uniqKey="Kemp A" first="Alan" last="Kemp">Alan Kemp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Special Pathogens Unit, Center for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg South Africa</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Johannesburg South Africa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dandalo, Leonard C" sort="Dandalo, Leonard C" uniqKey="Dandalo L" first="Leonard C." last="Dandalo">Leonard C. Dandalo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Oliver R" sort="Wood, Oliver R" uniqKey="Wood O" first="Oliver R." last="Wood">Oliver R. Wood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lobb, Leanne N" sort="Lobb, Leanne N" uniqKey="Lobb L" first="Leanne N." last="Lobb">Leanne N. Lobb</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govender, Danny" sort="Govender, Danny" uniqKey="Govender D" first="Danny" last="Govender">Danny Govender</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Skukuza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Onderstepoort</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renke, Marius" sort="Renke, Marius" uniqKey="Renke M" first="Marius" last="Renke">Marius Renke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Conservation Management, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Conservation Management, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Skukuza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koekemoer, Lizette L" sort="Koekemoer, Lizette L" uniqKey="Koekemoer L" first="Lizette L." last="Koekemoer">Lizette L. Koekemoer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title><idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p><italic>Anopheles arabiensis</italic> Patton is primarily responsible for malaria transmission in South Africa after successful suppression of other major vector species using indoor spraying of residual insecticides. Control of <italic>An. arabiensis</italic> using current insecticide based approaches is proving difficult owing to the development of insecticide resistance, and variable feeding and resting behaviours. The use of the sterile insect technique as an area-wide integrated pest management system to supplement the control of <italic>An. arabiensis</italic> was proposed for South Africa and is currently under investigation. The success of this technique is dependent on the ability of laboratory-reared sterile males to compete with wild males for mates. As part of the research and development of the SIT technique for use against <italic>An. arabiensis</italic> in South Africa, radio-sensitivity and mating competitiveness of a local <italic>An. arabiensis</italic> sexing strain were assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The optimal irradiation dose inducing male sterility without compromising mating vigour was tested using Cobalt 60 irradiation doses ranging from 70-100 Gy. Relative mating competitiveness of sterile laboratory-reared males (GAMA strain) compared to fertile wild-type males (AMAL strain) for virgin wild-type females (AMAL) was investigated under laboratory and semi-field conditions using large outdoor cages. Three different sterile male to fertile male to wild-type female ratios were evaluated [1:1:1, 5:1:1 and 10:1:1 (sterile males: fertile, wild-type males: fertile, wild-type females)].</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Irradiation at the doses tested did not affect adult emergence but had a moderate effect on adult survivorship and mating vigour. A dose of 75 Gy was selected for the competitiveness assays. Mating competitiveness experiments showed that irradiated GAMA male mosquitoes are a third as competitive as their fertile AMAL counterparts under semi-field conditions. However, they were not as competitive under laboratory conditions. An inundative ratio of 10:1 induced the highest sterility in the representative wild-type population, with potential to effectively suppress reproduction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Laboratory-reared and sterilised GAMA male <italic>An. arabiensis</italic> at a release ratio of 3:1 (3 sterile males to 1 wild, fertile male) can successfully compete for insemination of wild-type females. 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Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Kemp, Alan" sort="Kemp, Alan" uniqKey="Kemp A" first="Alan" last="Kemp">Alan Kemp</name></noCountry><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Munhenga, Givemore" sort="Munhenga, Givemore" uniqKey="Munhenga G" first="Givemore" last="Munhenga">Givemore Munhenga</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Brooke, Basil D" sort="Brooke, Basil D" uniqKey="Brooke B" first="Basil D." last="Brooke">Basil D. Brooke</name><name sortKey="Brooke, Basil D" sort="Brooke, Basil D" uniqKey="Brooke B" first="Basil D." last="Brooke">Basil D. Brooke</name><name sortKey="Dandalo, Leonard C" sort="Dandalo, Leonard C" uniqKey="Dandalo L" first="Leonard C." last="Dandalo">Leonard C. Dandalo</name><name sortKey="Dandalo, Leonard C" sort="Dandalo, Leonard C" uniqKey="Dandalo L" first="Leonard C." last="Dandalo">Leonard C. Dandalo</name><name sortKey="Govender, Danny" sort="Govender, Danny" uniqKey="Govender D" first="Danny" last="Govender">Danny Govender</name><name sortKey="Govender, Danny" sort="Govender, Danny" uniqKey="Govender D" first="Danny" last="Govender">Danny Govender</name><name sortKey="Koekemoer, Lizette L" sort="Koekemoer, Lizette L" uniqKey="Koekemoer L" first="Lizette L." last="Koekemoer">Lizette L. Koekemoer</name><name sortKey="Koekemoer, Lizette L" sort="Koekemoer, Lizette L" uniqKey="Koekemoer L" first="Lizette L." last="Koekemoer">Lizette L. Koekemoer</name><name sortKey="Lobb, Leanne N" sort="Lobb, Leanne N" uniqKey="Lobb L" first="Leanne N." last="Lobb">Leanne N. Lobb</name><name sortKey="Lobb, Leanne N" sort="Lobb, Leanne N" uniqKey="Lobb L" first="Leanne N." last="Lobb">Leanne N. Lobb</name><name sortKey="Munhenga, Givemore" sort="Munhenga, Givemore" uniqKey="Munhenga G" first="Givemore" last="Munhenga">Givemore Munhenga</name><name sortKey="Renke, Marius" sort="Renke, Marius" uniqKey="Renke M" first="Marius" last="Renke">Marius Renke</name><name sortKey="Slabbert, Kobus" sort="Slabbert, Kobus" uniqKey="Slabbert K" first="Kobus" last="Slabbert">Kobus Slabbert</name><name sortKey="Wood, Oliver R" sort="Wood, Oliver R" uniqKey="Wood O" first="Oliver R." last="Wood">Oliver R. Wood</name><name sortKey="Wood, Oliver R" sort="Wood, Oliver R" uniqKey="Wood O" first="Oliver R." last="Wood">Oliver R. Wood</name></country><country name="Autriche"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Gilles, Jeremie R L" sort="Gilles, Jeremie R L" uniqKey="Gilles J" first="Jeremie R. L." last="Gilles">Jeremie R. L. Gilles</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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